diff --git a/app/Activity/Models/View.php b/app/Activity/Models/View.php
index a6bc2139e..512e08295 100644
--- a/app/Activity/Models/View.php
+++ b/app/Activity/Models/View.php
@@ -54,12 +54,4 @@ class View extends Model
 
         return $view->views;
     }
-
-    /**
-     * Clear all views from the system.
-     */
-    public static function clearAll()
-    {
-        static::query()->truncate();
-    }
 }
diff --git a/app/Console/Commands/CleanupImages.php b/app/Console/Commands/CleanupImages.php
index 2399e1cbb..c37cadef0 100644
--- a/app/Console/Commands/CleanupImages.php
+++ b/app/Console/Commands/CleanupImages.php
@@ -25,38 +25,23 @@ class CleanupImages extends Command
      */
     protected $description = 'Cleanup images and drawings';
 
-    protected $imageService;
-
-    /**
-     * Create a new command instance.
-     *
-     * @param \BookStack\Uploads\ImageService $imageService
-     */
-    public function __construct(ImageService $imageService)
-    {
-        $this->imageService = $imageService;
-        parent::__construct();
-    }
-
     /**
      * Execute the console command.
-     *
-     * @return mixed
      */
-    public function handle()
+    public function handle(ImageService $imageService): int
     {
-        $checkRevisions = $this->option('all') ? false : true;
-        $dryRun = $this->option('force') ? false : true;
+        $checkRevisions = !$this->option('all');
+        $dryRun = !$this->option('force');
 
         if (!$dryRun) {
             $this->warn("This operation is destructive and is not guaranteed to be fully accurate.\nEnsure you have a backup of your images.\n");
             $proceed = $this->confirm("Are you sure you want to proceed?");
             if (!$proceed) {
-                return;
+                return 0;
             }
         }
 
-        $deleted = $this->imageService->deleteUnusedImages($checkRevisions, $dryRun);
+        $deleted = $imageService->deleteUnusedImages($checkRevisions, $dryRun);
         $deleteCount = count($deleted);
 
         if ($dryRun) {
@@ -65,21 +50,24 @@ class CleanupImages extends Command
             $this->showDeletedImages($deleted);
             $this->comment('Run with -f or --force to perform deletions');
 
-            return;
+            return 0;
         }
 
         $this->showDeletedImages($deleted);
         $this->comment($deleteCount . ' images deleted');
+        return 0;
     }
 
-    protected function showDeletedImages($paths)
+    protected function showDeletedImages($paths): void
     {
         if ($this->getOutput()->getVerbosity() <= OutputInterface::VERBOSITY_NORMAL) {
             return;
         }
+
         if (count($paths) > 0) {
             $this->line('Images to delete:');
         }
+
         foreach ($paths as $path) {
             $this->line($path);
         }
diff --git a/app/Console/Commands/ClearActivity.php b/app/Console/Commands/ClearActivity.php
index 5ccf6e972..b88408e0c 100644
--- a/app/Console/Commands/ClearActivity.php
+++ b/app/Console/Commands/ClearActivity.php
@@ -21,27 +21,13 @@ class ClearActivity extends Command
      */
     protected $description = 'Clear user activity from the system';
 
-    protected $activity;
-
-    /**
-     * Create a new command instance.
-     *
-     * @param Activity $activity
-     */
-    public function __construct(Activity $activity)
-    {
-        $this->activity = $activity;
-        parent::__construct();
-    }
-
     /**
      * Execute the console command.
-     *
-     * @return mixed
      */
-    public function handle()
+    public function handle(): int
     {
-        $this->activity->newQuery()->truncate();
+        Activity::query()->truncate();
         $this->comment('System activity cleared');
+        return 0;
     }
 }
diff --git a/app/Console/Commands/ClearRevisions.php b/app/Console/Commands/ClearRevisions.php
index 681a7564b..e90503c56 100644
--- a/app/Console/Commands/ClearRevisions.php
+++ b/app/Console/Commands/ClearRevisions.php
@@ -23,28 +23,14 @@ class ClearRevisions extends Command
      */
     protected $description = 'Clear page revisions';
 
-    protected $pageRevision;
-
-    /**
-     * Create a new command instance.
-     *
-     * @param PageRevision $pageRevision
-     */
-    public function __construct(PageRevision $pageRevision)
-    {
-        $this->pageRevision = $pageRevision;
-        parent::__construct();
-    }
-
     /**
      * Execute the console command.
-     *
-     * @return mixed
      */
-    public function handle()
+    public function handle(): int
     {
         $deleteTypes = $this->option('all') ? ['version', 'update_draft'] : ['version'];
-        $this->pageRevision->newQuery()->whereIn('type', $deleteTypes)->delete();
+        PageRevision::query()->whereIn('type', $deleteTypes)->delete();
         $this->comment('Revisions deleted');
+        return 0;
     }
 }
diff --git a/app/Console/Commands/ClearViews.php b/app/Console/Commands/ClearViews.php
index c76b78d23..6cfbd5d5f 100644
--- a/app/Console/Commands/ClearViews.php
+++ b/app/Console/Commands/ClearViews.php
@@ -21,22 +21,13 @@ class ClearViews extends Command
      */
     protected $description = 'Clear all view-counts for all entities';
 
-    /**
-     * Create a new command instance.
-     */
-    public function __construct()
-    {
-        parent::__construct();
-    }
-
     /**
      * Execute the console command.
-     *
-     * @return mixed
      */
-    public function handle()
+    public function handle(): int
     {
-        View::clearAll();
+        View::query()->truncate();
         $this->comment('Views cleared');
+        return 0;
     }
 }
diff --git a/app/Console/Commands/CopyShelfPermissions.php b/app/Console/Commands/CopyShelfPermissions.php
index ec4c875ff..95673cacd 100644
--- a/app/Console/Commands/CopyShelfPermissions.php
+++ b/app/Console/Commands/CopyShelfPermissions.php
@@ -25,25 +25,10 @@ class CopyShelfPermissions extends Command
      */
     protected $description = 'Copy shelf permissions to all child books';
 
-    protected PermissionsUpdater $permissionsUpdater;
-
-    /**
-     * Create a new command instance.
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function __construct(PermissionsUpdater $permissionsUpdater)
-    {
-        $this->permissionsUpdater = $permissionsUpdater;
-        parent::__construct();
-    }
-
     /**
      * Execute the console command.
-     *
-     * @return mixed
      */
-    public function handle()
+    public function handle(PermissionsUpdater $permissionsUpdater): int
     {
         $shelfSlug = $this->option('slug');
         $cascadeAll = $this->option('all');
@@ -52,7 +37,7 @@ class CopyShelfPermissions extends Command
         if (!$cascadeAll && !$shelfSlug) {
             $this->error('Either a --slug or --all option must be provided.');
 
-            return;
+            return 1;
         }
 
         if ($cascadeAll) {
@@ -63,7 +48,7 @@ class CopyShelfPermissions extends Command
             );
 
             if (!$continue && !$this->hasOption('no-interaction')) {
-                return;
+                return 0;
             }
 
             $shelves = Bookshelf::query()->get(['id']);
@@ -77,10 +62,11 @@ class CopyShelfPermissions extends Command
         }
 
         foreach ($shelves as $shelf) {
-            $this->permissionsUpdater->updateBookPermissionsFromShelf($shelf, false);
+            $permissionsUpdater->updateBookPermissionsFromShelf($shelf, false);
             $this->info('Copied permissions for shelf [' . $shelf->id . ']');
         }
 
         $this->info('Permissions copied for ' . $shelves->count() . ' shelves.');
+        return 0;
     }
 }
diff --git a/app/Console/Commands/CreateAdmin.php b/app/Console/Commands/CreateAdmin.php
index 377207ed7..617e6ab2f 100644
--- a/app/Console/Commands/CreateAdmin.php
+++ b/app/Console/Commands/CreateAdmin.php
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 namespace BookStack\Console\Commands;
 
-use BookStack\Exceptions\NotFoundException;
 use BookStack\Users\Models\Role;
 use BookStack\Users\UserRepo;
 use Illuminate\Console\Command;
@@ -10,7 +9,6 @@ use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Validator;
 use Illuminate\Support\Str;
 use Illuminate\Validation\Rules\Password;
 use Illuminate\Validation\Rules\Unique;
-use Symfony\Component\Console\Command\Command as SymfonyCommand;
 
 class CreateAdmin extends Command
 {
@@ -32,25 +30,10 @@ class CreateAdmin extends Command
      */
     protected $description = 'Add a new admin user to the system';
 
-    protected $userRepo;
-
-    /**
-     * Create a new command instance.
-     */
-    public function __construct(UserRepo $userRepo)
-    {
-        $this->userRepo = $userRepo;
-        parent::__construct();
-    }
-
     /**
      * Execute the console command.
-     *
-     * @throws NotFoundException
-     *
-     * @return mixed
      */
-    public function handle()
+    public function handle(UserRepo $userRepo): int
     {
         $details = $this->snakeCaseOptions();
 
@@ -82,17 +65,17 @@ class CreateAdmin extends Command
                 $this->error($error);
             }
 
-            return SymfonyCommand::FAILURE;
+            return 1;
         }
 
-        $user = $this->userRepo->createWithoutActivity($validator->validated());
+        $user = $userRepo->createWithoutActivity($validator->validated());
         $user->attachRole(Role::getSystemRole('admin'));
         $user->email_confirmed = true;
         $user->save();
 
         $this->info("Admin account with email \"{$user->email}\" successfully created!");
 
-        return SymfonyCommand::SUCCESS;
+        return 0;
     }
 
     protected function snakeCaseOptions(): array
diff --git a/app/Console/Commands/DeleteUsers.php b/app/Console/Commands/DeleteUsers.php
index c16a5d9a6..f3e7c6852 100644
--- a/app/Console/Commands/DeleteUsers.php
+++ b/app/Console/Commands/DeleteUsers.php
@@ -15,8 +15,6 @@ class DeleteUsers extends Command
      */
     protected $signature = 'bookstack:delete-users';
 
-    protected $userRepo;
-
     /**
      * The console command description.
      *
@@ -24,30 +22,32 @@ class DeleteUsers extends Command
      */
     protected $description = 'Delete users that are not "admin" or system users';
 
-    public function __construct(UserRepo $userRepo)
+    /**
+     * Execute the console command.
+     */
+    public function handle(UserRepo $userRepo): int
     {
-        $this->userRepo = $userRepo;
-        parent::__construct();
-    }
+        $this->warn('This will delete all users from the system that are not "admin" or system users.');
+        $confirm = $this->confirm('Are you sure you want to continue?');
 
-    public function handle()
-    {
-        $confirm = $this->ask('This will delete all users from the system that are not "admin" or system users. Are you sure you want to continue? (Type "yes" to continue)');
-        $numDeleted = 0;
-        if (strtolower(trim($confirm)) === 'yes') {
-            $totalUsers = User::query()->count();
-            $users = User::query()->whereNull('system_name')->with('roles')->get();
-            foreach ($users as $user) {
-                if ($user->hasSystemRole('admin')) {
-                    // don't delete users with "admin" role
-                    continue;
-                }
-                $this->userRepo->destroy($user);
-                $numDeleted++;
-            }
-            $this->info("Deleted $numDeleted of $totalUsers total users.");
-        } else {
-            $this->info('Exiting...');
+        if (!$confirm) {
+            return 0;
         }
+
+        $totalUsers = User::query()->count();
+        $numDeleted = 0;
+        $users = User::query()->whereNull('system_name')->with('roles')->get();
+
+        foreach ($users as $user) {
+            if ($user->hasSystemRole('admin')) {
+                // don't delete users with "admin" role
+                continue;
+            }
+            $userRepo->destroy($user);
+            $numDeleted++;
+        }
+
+        $this->info("Deleted $numDeleted of $totalUsers total users.");
+        return 0;
     }
 }
diff --git a/app/Console/Commands/RegenerateCommentContent.php b/app/Console/Commands/RegenerateCommentContent.php
index 3052559e3..37e254335 100644
--- a/app/Console/Commands/RegenerateCommentContent.php
+++ b/app/Console/Commands/RegenerateCommentContent.php
@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ class RegenerateCommentContent extends Command
      *
      * @var string
      */
-    protected $signature = 'bookstack:regenerate-comment-content {--database= : The database connection to use.}';
+    protected $signature = 'bookstack:regenerate-comment-content
+                            {--database= : The database connection to use}';
 
     /**
      * The console command description.
@@ -23,35 +24,19 @@ class RegenerateCommentContent extends Command
      */
     protected $description = 'Regenerate the stored HTML of all comments';
 
-    /**
-     * @var CommentRepo
-     */
-    protected $commentRepo;
-
-    /**
-     * Create a new command instance.
-     */
-    public function __construct(CommentRepo $commentRepo)
-    {
-        $this->commentRepo = $commentRepo;
-        parent::__construct();
-    }
-
     /**
      * Execute the console command.
-     *
-     * @return mixed
      */
-    public function handle()
+    public function handle(CommentRepo $commentRepo): int
     {
         $connection = DB::getDefaultConnection();
         if ($this->option('database') !== null) {
             DB::setDefaultConnection($this->option('database'));
         }
 
-        Comment::query()->chunk(100, function ($comments) {
+        Comment::query()->chunk(100, function ($comments) use ($commentRepo) {
             foreach ($comments as $comment) {
-                $comment->html = $this->commentRepo->commentToHtml($comment->text);
+                $comment->html = $commentRepo->commentToHtml($comment->text);
                 $comment->save();
             }
         });
diff --git a/app/Console/Commands/RegeneratePermissions.php b/app/Console/Commands/RegeneratePermissions.php
index 27dd8ea65..2c994781f 100644
--- a/app/Console/Commands/RegeneratePermissions.php
+++ b/app/Console/Commands/RegeneratePermissions.php
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ class RegeneratePermissions extends Command
      *
      * @var string
      */
-    protected $signature = 'bookstack:regenerate-permissions {--database= : The database connection to use.}';
+    protected $signature = 'bookstack:regenerate-permissions 
+                            {--database= : The database connection to use}';
 
     /**
      * The console command description.
@@ -22,23 +23,10 @@ class RegeneratePermissions extends Command
      */
     protected $description = 'Regenerate all system permissions';
 
-    protected JointPermissionBuilder $permissionBuilder;
-
-    /**
-     * Create a new command instance.
-     */
-    public function __construct(JointPermissionBuilder $permissionBuilder)
-    {
-        $this->permissionBuilder = $permissionBuilder;
-        parent::__construct();
-    }
-
     /**
      * Execute the console command.
-     *
-     * @return mixed
      */
-    public function handle()
+    public function handle(JointPermissionBuilder $permissionBuilder): int
     {
         $connection = DB::getDefaultConnection();
 
@@ -46,7 +34,7 @@ class RegeneratePermissions extends Command
             DB::setDefaultConnection($this->option('database'));
         }
 
-        $this->permissionBuilder->rebuildForAll();
+        $permissionBuilder->rebuildForAll();
 
         DB::setDefaultConnection($connection);
         $this->comment('Permissions regenerated');
diff --git a/app/Console/Commands/RegenerateReferences.php b/app/Console/Commands/RegenerateReferences.php
index 805fd922d..f85e0cd40 100644
--- a/app/Console/Commands/RegenerateReferences.php
+++ b/app/Console/Commands/RegenerateReferences.php
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ class RegenerateReferences extends Command
      *
      * @var string
      */
-    protected $signature = 'bookstack:regenerate-references {--database= : The database connection to use.}';
+    protected $signature = 'bookstack:regenerate-references
+                            {--database= : The database connection to use}';
 
     /**
      * The console command description.
@@ -22,25 +23,10 @@ class RegenerateReferences extends Command
      */
     protected $description = 'Regenerate all the cross-item model reference index';
 
-    protected ReferenceStore $references;
-
-    /**
-     * Create a new command instance.
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function __construct(ReferenceStore $references)
-    {
-        $this->references = $references;
-        parent::__construct();
-    }
-
     /**
      * Execute the console command.
-     *
-     * @return int
      */
-    public function handle()
+    public function handle(ReferenceStore $references): int
     {
         $connection = DB::getDefaultConnection();
 
@@ -48,7 +34,7 @@ class RegenerateReferences extends Command
             DB::setDefaultConnection($this->option('database'));
         }
 
-        $this->references->updateForAllPages();
+        $references->updateForAllPages();
 
         DB::setDefaultConnection($connection);
 
diff --git a/app/Console/Commands/RegenerateSearch.php b/app/Console/Commands/RegenerateSearch.php
index ff584da56..23e2d2d0c 100644
--- a/app/Console/Commands/RegenerateSearch.php
+++ b/app/Console/Commands/RegenerateSearch.php
@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ class RegenerateSearch extends Command
      *
      * @var string
      */
-    protected $signature = 'bookstack:regenerate-search {--database= : The database connection to use.}';
+    protected $signature = 'bookstack:regenerate-search 
+                            {--database= : The database connection to use}';
 
     /**
      * The console command description.
@@ -23,33 +24,17 @@ class RegenerateSearch extends Command
      */
     protected $description = 'Re-index all content for searching';
 
-    /**
-     * @var SearchIndex
-     */
-    protected $searchIndex;
-
-    /**
-     * Create a new command instance.
-     */
-    public function __construct(SearchIndex $searchIndex)
-    {
-        parent::__construct();
-        $this->searchIndex = $searchIndex;
-    }
-
     /**
      * Execute the console command.
-     *
-     * @return mixed
      */
-    public function handle()
+    public function handle(SearchIndex $searchIndex): int
     {
         $connection = DB::getDefaultConnection();
         if ($this->option('database') !== null) {
             DB::setDefaultConnection($this->option('database'));
         }
 
-        $this->searchIndex->indexAllEntities(function (Entity $model, int $processed, int $total): void {
+        $searchIndex->indexAllEntities(function (Entity $model, int $processed, int $total): void {
             $this->info('Indexed ' . class_basename($model) . ' entries (' . $processed . '/' . $total . ')');
         });
 
diff --git a/app/Console/Commands/ResetMfa.php b/app/Console/Commands/ResetMfa.php
index 4b1813099..2d27fd01e 100644
--- a/app/Console/Commands/ResetMfa.php
+++ b/app/Console/Commands/ResetMfa.php
@@ -24,22 +24,10 @@ class ResetMfa extends Command
      */
     protected $description = 'Reset & Clear any configured MFA methods for the given user';
 
-    /**
-     * Create a new command instance.
-     *
-     * @return void
-     */
-    public function __construct()
-    {
-        parent::__construct();
-    }
-
     /**
      * Execute the console command.
-     *
-     * @return mixed
      */
-    public function handle()
+    public function handle(): int
     {
         $id = $this->option('id');
         $email = $this->option('email');
@@ -66,13 +54,13 @@ class ResetMfa extends Command
         $this->info("This will delete any configure multi-factor authentication methods for user: \n- ID: {$user->id}\n- Name: {$user->name}\n- Email: {$user->email}\n");
         $this->info('If multi-factor authentication is required for this user they will be asked to reconfigure their methods on next login.');
         $confirm = $this->confirm('Are you sure you want to proceed?');
-        if ($confirm) {
-            $user->mfaValues()->delete();
-            $this->info('User MFA methods have been reset.');
-
-            return 0;
+        if (!$confirm) {
+            return 1;
         }
 
-        return 1;
+        $user->mfaValues()->delete();
+        $this->info('User MFA methods have been reset.');
+
+        return 0;
     }
 }
diff --git a/app/Console/Commands/UpdateUrl.php b/app/Console/Commands/UpdateUrl.php
index 0d218b380..2db413ff4 100644
--- a/app/Console/Commands/UpdateUrl.php
+++ b/app/Console/Commands/UpdateUrl.php
@@ -26,10 +26,8 @@ class UpdateUrl extends Command
 
     /**
      * Execute the console command.
-     *
-     * @return mixed
      */
-    public function handle(Connection $db)
+    public function handle(Connection $db): int
     {
         $oldUrl = str_replace("'", '', $this->argument('oldUrl'));
         $newUrl = str_replace("'", '', $this->argument('newUrl'));
diff --git a/app/Console/Commands/UpgradeDatabaseEncoding.php b/app/Console/Commands/UpgradeDatabaseEncoding.php
index 32808729a..0692cf6eb 100644
--- a/app/Console/Commands/UpgradeDatabaseEncoding.php
+++ b/app/Console/Commands/UpgradeDatabaseEncoding.php
@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ class UpgradeDatabaseEncoding extends Command
      *
      * @var string
      */
-    protected $signature = 'bookstack:db-utf8mb4 {--database= : The database connection to use.}';
+    protected $signature = 'bookstack:db-utf8mb4 
+                            {--database= : The database connection to use}';
 
     /**
      * The console command description.
@@ -21,20 +22,11 @@ class UpgradeDatabaseEncoding extends Command
      */
     protected $description = 'Generate SQL commands to upgrade the database to UTF8mb4';
 
-    /**
-     * Create a new command instance.
-     */
-    public function __construct()
-    {
-        parent::__construct();
-    }
 
     /**
      * Execute the console command.
-     *
-     * @return mixed
      */
-    public function handle()
+    public function handle(): int
     {
         $connection = DB::getDefaultConnection();
         if ($this->option('database') !== null) {
@@ -48,9 +40,11 @@ class UpgradeDatabaseEncoding extends Command
         $key = 'Tables_in_' . $database;
         foreach ($tables as $table) {
             $tableName = $table->$key;
-            $this->line('ALTER TABLE `' . $tableName . '` CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;');
+            $this->line("ALTER TABLE `{$tableName}` CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;");
         }
 
         DB::setDefaultConnection($connection);
+
+        return 0;
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Commands/CopyShelfPermissionsCommandTest.php b/tests/Commands/CopyShelfPermissionsCommandTest.php
index c4b9fe6f3..5c21a2e34 100644
--- a/tests/Commands/CopyShelfPermissionsCommandTest.php
+++ b/tests/Commands/CopyShelfPermissionsCommandTest.php
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class CopyShelfPermissionsCommandTest extends TestCase
     {
         $this->artisan('bookstack:copy-shelf-permissions')
             ->expectsOutput('Either a --slug or --all option must be provided.')
-            ->assertExitCode(0);
+            ->assertExitCode(1);
     }
 
     public function test_copy_shelf_permissions_command_using_slug()
diff --git a/tests/Commands/DeleteUsersCommandTest.php b/tests/Commands/DeleteUsersCommandTest.php
index 4d8081b6f..a959df95d 100644
--- a/tests/Commands/DeleteUsersCommandTest.php
+++ b/tests/Commands/DeleteUsersCommandTest.php
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class DeleteUsersCommandTest extends TestCase
 
         $normalUserCount = $userCount - count($normalUsers);
         $this->artisan('bookstack:delete-users')
-            ->expectsQuestion('This will delete all users from the system that are not "admin" or system users. Are you sure you want to continue? (Type "yes" to continue)', 'yes')
+            ->expectsConfirmation('Are you sure you want to continue?', 'yes')
             ->expectsOutputToContain("Deleted $normalUserCount of $userCount total users.")
             ->assertExitCode(0);
 
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class DeleteUsersCommandTest extends TestCase
         $normalUsers = $this->getNormalUsers();
 
         $this->artisan('bookstack:delete-users')
-            ->expectsQuestion('This will delete all users from the system that are not "admin" or system users. Are you sure you want to continue? (Type "yes" to continue)', 'no')
+            ->expectsConfirmation('Are you sure you want to continue?', 'no')
             ->assertExitCode(0);
 
         $this->assertDatabaseHas('users', ['id' => $normalUsers->first()->id]);